I. Minoans: Created civilization on island of Crete. They were either destroyed by volcanic eruption or Myceneans. Entered Bronze Age. Built palace at Kinolsis.
II. Crete: Island in Agean Sea where Minoans lived.
III. Homer: “Blind Bard”-The Illiad & The Odyssey-considered most famous epic poet.
IV. Illiad & Odyssey: Two epic poems by Homer. Basis for Greek life-taught to all. Illiad: 10 year siege of the city of Troy. Odyssey: Odysseus (a warrior) travels home-takes 10 years.
V. Dorians: Invaded Greece from the North & settled on Peloponnesus. Became Spartans. After their invasion, Greece entered the Dark Ages.
VI. Parts of a city-state: Acropolis (temple, highest point), Agora (market place), and farms
VII. Greek Religion: Polytheistic, Sophistry, Epicureanism, and Stoicism
VIII. Pericles: Leader of Athens during Golden Age-great orator
IX. *Patricians: Aristocratic class-could be in Senate (They are Roman)
X. *Plebians: Middle class & poor of Rome
XI. Democracy: Birthplace is in Athens, rule by people, Cleisthenes is considered the father
XII. Athens: Birthplace of democracy and philosophy
XIII. Sparta: Peloponnesus. Military state-paranoid.
XIV. Helots: Slaves of Sparta
XV. Peloponnesus: Peninsula of Sparta
XVI. Delphi: Oracle of Greece-located at Temple of Apollo
XVII. Olympics: 776 BC-every 4 years-rivalry between city-states-gave credit to individuals
XVIII. Zeus: King of gods-lived on top of Mt. Olympus
XIX. Battles of Persian Wars: Thermopalye and Marathon
XX. Greek art-characteristics: Idealistic-“perfect human form”-celebration of the nude
XXI. Theatre of Dinoysus: Tragedy and comedy festival-playwrights-awards were given
XXII. Aeschylus: playwright-themes of pride and arrogance-Orestia Trilogy-father of the tragedy
XXIII. Sophocles: playwright -themes of the struggle for knowledge-Theban Trilogy-Oedipus Rex
XXIV. Euripides: playwright-themes of man not being in control-Medea
XXV. Aristophanes: father of Greek comedy, The Clouds/Birds/Frogs-satirical works
XXVI. Herodotus: Father of modern history-wrote about Persian Wars
XXVII. Thucydides: Factual, disregarded myths-wrote about the Peloponnesian War
XXVIII. Hippocrates: Father of modern medical science-attributed disease to natural cause
XXIX. Sophist: Truth = relative, “wisdom munger”, associate with Protagorous saying “man is the measure of all things”
XXX. Socrates: Father of modern philosophy-wrote questioning dialects-forced to drink hemlock for “corrupting youth”
XXXI. Plato: wrote “The Republic”-believed in Universal Truth-father of idealism-established The Academy
XXXII. Aristotle: tutored Alexander the Great-father of biology-opened Lyceum school
XXXIII. Peloponnesian War: Sparta vs Athens-Sparta wins due to plague in Athens-ends Greek Classical Age
XXXIV. Philip of Macedonia: Forced Greece to unify-began mission to conquer Persia
XXXV. Alexander the Great: Conquered Persians and Syria-created largest empire-est. Alexandria cities-wherever he went, he took Greek culture-died young-leaving his generals to fight over his kingdom
XXXVI. Stoics: Reasoning—not emotions, founder is Zeno-met in Stoa-accept all indifferently
XXXVII. Epicureans: founded by Epicuras-help people find happiness-no public affairs-seek pleasure, avoid pain
OTHERS-Not on study guide, but Peck said they were on the test…well, he thought so anyway…
1. Cynics: founded by Diogenes-big downers
2. Euclid: elements of geometry
3. Ptolemy: Algamist-basis of astronomy
4. Eristosthanes: circumference of the Earth, studied geography
5. Archimedes: Physics-levers, screws-calculated Pi
6. Hippoarcras: dvlp. Latitude and longitude
7. Aristocaras: dvlp. Heliocentric view of the Earth
8. Plato’s Republic 3 classes: Reason (philosophers), Spirit (warriors), and Appetite (middle class)
9. Solon: reformed the laws of Athens-state was the enforcers of justice
10. Draco: wrote 1st Athens law code
11. Hesiod: Works & Days, Theogony-wrote about daily life
12. Delian League: 150 Greek city-states
13. Cult of Isis: Like the Egyptian cult-offered marriage and life after death
